When people think of colon cancer, they often imagine it affecting men. But here’s the truth: colon cancer doesn’t discriminate. It affects women just as often—and sometimes, in different and more subtle ways. This article dives into the unique aspects of colon cancer in women, explores how symptoms may differ, and explains why recognising them early can be life-saving.
Let’s uncover the facts.
Why Focus on Women? Understanding Gender Differences in Colon Cancer
At first glance, colon cancer might seem like a gender-neutral disease. And in many ways, it is. But studies have shown notable differences in how it presents, progresses, and is diagnosed in women compared to men.
Some researchers believe hormones like oestrogen might play a protective role—at least until menopause. Women also tend to have right-sided colon cancers more often than men, which can be harder to detect and produce vaguer symptoms.
Plus, cultural perceptions matter. Many women are more likely to attribute stomach pain or changes in bowel habits to stress, diet, or even menstrual cycles—leading to dangerous delays in diagnosis.
Common Symptoms of Colon Cancer Everyone Should Know
Let’s start with the basics. Whether you’re male or female, these are the classic signs:
- Persistent changes in bowel habits (constipation, diarrhoea, or both)
- Blood in or on the stool
- Abdominal discomfort or bloating
- Unexplained weight loss
- Fatigue
- A feeling that the bowel doesn’t empty completely
But what if you’re a woman—and your symptoms are a little more vague? That’s where it gets tricky.
Unique or Subtle Symptoms in Women: What to Look Out For
Women sometimes experience colon cancer symptoms that overlap with gynaecological or hormonal issues. That makes things murky.
Think about it:
- Bloating? Could be PMS or ovarian issues.
- Cramping? Maybe it’s endometriosis.
- Fatigue? What woman isn’t tired?
These everyday struggles often mask something more serious. One telling sign? Iron-deficiency anaemia without a clear reason. Women might think their tiredness is hormonal or due to periods, when in reality, it could signal slow internal bleeding in the colon.
Also, because women are more prone to right-sided colon cancers, they may not see blood in their stools—making symptoms much less obvious.
The Role of Menopause and Hormones in Colon Cancer Risk
Could menopause change your risk of colon cancer? Absolutely.
Oestrogen, as it turns out, might have a protective effect on the colon lining. After menopause, as hormone levels decline, that protection fades.
Some studies suggest that women on hormone replacement therapy (HRT) might have a slightly lower risk of developing colon cancer, though the decision to use HRT should always be weighed carefully with a doctor.
More importantly, postmenopausal women may attribute colon cancer symptoms to “normal aging” or menopausal changes—like constipation or weight changes—and delay seeking help.
When Colon Cancer Symptoms Mimic IBS or Endometriosis
Here’s a frustrating truth: colon cancer can masquerade as other common conditions.
- Irritable Bowel Syndrome (IBS)? Yes, the symptoms overlap—especially bloating, bowel changes, and discomfort.
- Endometriosis? The cramping, back pain, and fatigue are eerily similar.
So what happens? Women get dismissed or misdiagnosed. They might hear, “It’s just IBS,” and leave the clinic with dietary advice, not a referral for a colonoscopy.
Trust your instincts. If something feels off, don’t be afraid to press for more testing. Better safe than sorry.
Risk Factors Specific to Women
Some colon cancer risk factors affect everyone. But there are a few that are more pronounced—or unique—in women:
- Obesity: Especially postmenopause, excess weight increases risk.
- Physical inactivity: Women juggling work, caregiving, and family may deprioritise exercise.
- Diet low in fibre, high in red/processed meats
- Family history of colon or ovarian cancer
- Reproductive history: Some studies explore links between number of pregnancies or use of oral contraceptives and colon cancer risk, though findings are mixed.
The takeaway? Lifestyle and awareness make a big difference.
Screening Guidelines for Women: Are They the Same?
In general, screening recommendations for women are the same as for men:
- Start at age 45 (or earlier if there’s a family history)
- Colonoscopy every 10 years, or alternate tests (FIT, Cologuard, sigmoidoscopy)
But here’s the issue: many women delay screenings. Why?
- Embarrassment
- Fear of the procedure
- Lack of symptoms
- Caregiver burnout—putting others before themselves
If you’re reading this and you’re overdue for screening, let this be your nudge. Colonoscopies might not be fun, but they can catch cancer early—or even prevent it entirely.
Emotional and Mental Health Impact on Female Patients
Women often carry the emotional weight of their families. So when they’re diagnosed with something like colon cancer, the toll can be heavy.
- They worry about being a burden
- They fear losing their ability to care for others
- They struggle with body image, especially after surgery
Support groups, therapy, and honest conversations can help. Mental health is not a luxury—it’s part of treatment.
Colon Cancer in Younger Women: A Rising Concern
One of the most alarming trends in recent years? The rise in colon cancer among women under 50.
Many of these women are active, health-conscious, and shocked by their diagnosis. Symptoms like blood in the stool or persistent fatigue are brushed off or misdiagnosed. Doctors may even delay testing because the patient is “too young.”
Awareness matters. If you’re in your 30s or 40s and something doesn’t feel right—push for answers.
Tips for Early Detection and Self-Advocacy
So how do you stay ahead of colon cancer?
- Know your body. Don’t ignore changes.
- Track symptoms. Keep a journal if needed.
- Ask questions. A good doctor will listen.
- Don’t downplay concerns. If you’re bleeding or fatigued, it’s worth checking out.
- Get screened. Especially if you’re over 45 or have risk factors.
You are your own best advocate.
Final Thoughts
Colon cancer in women can look different—and that makes it more dangerous. Vague symptoms, hormonal changes, and societal roles all contribute to delays in diagnosis.
But the good news? When caught early, colon cancer is highly treatable. With the right knowledge, screenings, and self-awareness, women can protect themselves and their futures.
Don’t wait. Talk to your doctor. Ask the hard questions. And never ignore your gut.
References:
- “Colon Cancer: Symptoms and Causes”, Mayo Clinic, 2024 – https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/colon-cancer/symptoms-causes
- “Colon Cancer in Women: Unique Risks and Symptoms”, Cleveland Clinic, 2023 – https://health.clevelandclinic.org/colon-cancer-in-women
- “Colorectal Cancer Rising Among Younger Adults”, American Cancer Society, 2023 – https://www.cancer.org/latest-news/colorectal-cancer-rising-among-young-adults.html
- “Screening Guidelines for Colorectal Cancer”, CDC, 2024 – https://www.cdc.gov/cancer/colorectal/basic_info/screening
- “Hormone Therapy and Colorectal Cancer”, National Cancer Institute, 2023 – https://www.cancer.gov/news-events/cancer-currents-blog/2020/hormone-replacement-therapy-colorectal-cancer-risk