Getting diagnosed with colon cancer can feel like the ground shifts beneath you. And when surgery becomes part of the treatment plan, it’s normal to have questions—and a lot of them. What will the surgery involve? How long does recovery take? Will life ever feel “normal” again?
Let’s walk through everything you need to know about colon cancer surgery—from the types available to recovery tips—so you’re not navigating this road alone.
Why Surgery Is Often Needed for Colon Cancer
Surgery is one of the most effective ways to treat colon cancer, especially if the disease is detected early. But why is surgery necessary?
When colon cancer is localised—that is, it hasn’t spread beyond the colon—removing the tumour surgically often offers the best chance of a cure. In more advanced stages, surgery can still play a critical role in easing symptoms or removing blockages.
In short: if the tumour can be taken out, it should be—either to remove the cancer completely or to help manage it better.
Types of Colon Cancer Surgeries
There isn’t just one type of colon surgery, and not everyone gets the same operation. The kind of surgery you’ll need depends on where the tumour is located and how far the cancer has spread.
Here are the main types:
- Polypectomy: For very early-stage cancers, doctors can sometimes remove the tumour during a colonoscopy. No incision needed.
- Colectomy (Partial or Total): The most common surgery. The surgeon removes part (or all) of the colon that contains the tumour.
- Hemicolectomy: Just one side of the colon—either right or left—is removed.
- Laparoscopic Surgery: Also called “keyhole” surgery. It involves small incisions and is usually less painful, with faster recovery.
Open surgery (with a larger incision) may still be required in some cases, especially if the tumour is large or has invaded nearby organs.
Preparing for Colon Cancer Surgery
Surgery doesn’t just happen overnight. There’s some preparation involved—both physically and mentally.
Before your operation, expect the following:
- Pre-op tests: Blood tests, ECG, chest X-ray, and perhaps a CT scan.
- Bowel prep: Your colon will need to be empty, so you might be asked to take a laxative or enema.
- Dietary instructions: Your doctor may ask you to fast or switch to a clear liquid diet for a day or two.
- Medication review: Some medicines, especially blood thinners, may need to be paused.
It’s also a good idea to prepare your home for recovery. Think loose clothing, soft pillows, and maybe even some frozen meals. After all, you won’t want to cook right away!
How Is Colon Cancer Surgery Performed?
So what actually happens in the operating room?
Once you’re under general anaesthesia, the surgeon will make incisions in your abdomen. If it’s laparoscopic, these will be tiny. If not, one larger cut will be made.
The surgeon then removes the section of colon that contains the tumour—and a bit of healthy tissue around it, just to be safe. Lymph nodes in the area may also be taken out and sent to the lab to check for cancer spread.
Then, the two ends of the colon are usually stitched back together in a process called anastomosis. If they can’t be reconnected right away, a temporary or permanent colostomy might be necessary. (More on that below.)
Risks and Complications of Colon Surgery
No surgery is without risk, and colon cancer operations are no exception. But knowing the potential issues ahead of time helps you prepare—and advocate for yourself.
Common risks include:
- Infection
- Bleeding
- Blood clots
- Damage to nearby organs
- Anastomotic leakage (when the reconnected colon leaks)
More rarely, you might experience longer-term effects like hernias, bowel blockages, or issues with digestion.
The good news? Most people recover without serious problems. But always speak up if something doesn’t feel right after surgery.
What Happens After Surgery? (Hospital Recovery)
After waking up from surgery, you’ll be groggy—and possibly sore. You’ll be taken to a recovery room, and once stable, moved to a ward.
Here’s what recovery in the hospital usually involves:
- Pain management: You’ll likely get pain medication, either through an IV or via a patient-controlled pump.
- Gradual movement: Nurses will encourage you to sit up, stand, and walk within a day to prevent clots and help your bowels “wake up.”
- Diet restart: You’ll probably start with liquids before easing into soft foods.
- Hospital stay: Most people stay around 3–7 days, depending on the surgery type and recovery speed.
Don’t rush things—healing takes time.
Life with a Temporary or Permanent Colostomy
The word “colostomy” can be scary. But for some, it’s an important part of recovery or long-term management.
A colostomy is when part of your colon is rerouted to an opening (stoma) in your abdomen. Waste exits your body into a colostomy bag instead of through the rectum.
It might be temporary—just to let your colon heal. Or permanent, especially if the rectum is removed.
Yes, it’s a big adjustment. But with time, support, and the right supplies, many people live full, active lives with a colostomy.
Will I Need Chemotherapy After Surgery?
Here’s where things can get a little more complex. Not everyone needs chemo after colon cancer surgery—but some do.
Your doctor will look at factors like:
- Cancer stage
- Lymph node involvement
- Tumour size and grade
If there’s a high risk of recurrence, chemotherapy might be recommended to kill off any remaining cancer cells. This is called adjuvant chemotherapy.
So if your surgeon says “we got it all,” but the oncologist still suggests chemo—it’s not a contradiction. It’s just a safety net.
How Long Does It Take to Fully Recover?
Some people bounce back quickly. Others need more time. Everyone’s different, but here’s a general timeline:
- First 2 weeks: Most of the pain and swelling improve.
- 4–6 weeks: Many people return to basic routines.
- 2–3 months: Energy returns, appetite normalises, and digestion settles.
You may feel tired, bloated, or even emotional. That’s okay. Let your body (and mind) heal at their own pace.
Dietary Changes After Colon Surgery
You’ll probably hear this a lot: “Listen to your gut.”
After colon surgery, your digestive system might be a bit sensitive. Some foods can cause gas, bloating, or diarrhoea. Here’s how to ease in:
- Start with soft foods like mashed potatoes, soups, and rice.
- Avoid high-fibre foods early on—like raw veggies or bran.
- Drink lots of fluids, especially if you have a stoma.
- Reintroduce foods slowly, one at a time.
Eventually, most people can eat a pretty normal diet again. But if issues persist, ask to see a dietitian.
Tips for a Smooth Recovery at Home
Going home feels like a victory—but recovery isn’t over just yet. Here are some tips to make things easier:
- Don’t lift heavy stuff—not even groceries.
- Walk every day, even short distances.
- Take meds as prescribed, and don’t skip follow-ups.
- Rest often, and don’t feel guilty about it.
- Watch for warning signs—like fever, wound redness, or sudden pain.
You don’t need to be a superhero. Healing is enough.
Follow-Up Care and Monitoring After Surgery
Even after successful surgery, you’ll need regular check-ups to make sure the cancer hasn’t returned.
This might include:
- Colonoscopy (usually within a year)
- Blood tests (like CEA levels)
- CT scans
- Doctor visits every few months
Over time, these appointments become less frequent. But for the first few years, staying on top of them is crucial.
Emotional Impact of Colon Cancer Surgery
Let’s be honest—this journey isn’t just physical. The emotional toll can be heavy.
You might feel:
- Relieved, but still anxious
- Frustrated with your body
- Lonely, even with support
- Unsure about what comes next
That’s all valid. Talk to someone—a therapist, support group, or even a friend who’s been through it. Emotional healing is just as important as physical recovery.
Can Colon Cancer Come Back After Surgery?
This is one of the hardest questions to ask—and to answer.
Yes, colon cancer can come back. But with surgery, chemo (if needed), and regular follow-ups, the odds of catching it early again improve dramatically.
Stay informed. Know the signs. And never hesitate to reach out to your care team if something feels off.
Questions to Ask Your Surgeon Before the Operation
Feeling prepared starts with asking the right questions. Here are a few you might want to bring to your consultation:
- What kind of surgery will I have?
- Will I need a colostomy?
- What are the risks?
- How long will I be in the hospital?
- What’s the recovery like?
- When can I return to work or daily routines?
- Will I need chemotherapy afterward?
There are no “silly” questions—only missed chances to understand your care better.
Final Thoughts
Colon cancer surgery is a big step. But it’s also a hopeful one—a step toward healing, toward control, and toward life beyond cancer.
The journey may be long, and at times uncomfortable, but with the right information, care, and support—you’ll make it through.
References
- American Cancer Society. (2023). Surgery for Colon Cancer. Retrieved from: https://www.cancer.org/cancer/colon-rectal-cancer/treating/surgery.html
- National Cancer Institute. (2021). Colon Cancer Treatment (PDQ®)–Patient Version. Retrieved from: https://www.cancer.gov/types/colorectal/patient/colon-treatment-pdq
- Mayo Clinic. (2022). Colon Cancer Surgery. Retrieved from: https://www.mayoclinic.org/tests-procedures/colon-cancer-surgery/about/pac-20385064
- Colorectal Cancer Alliance. (2023). Surgical Treatment Options. Retrieved from: https://www.ccalliance.org/colorectal-cancer-information/treatment/surgery