Lung cancer. The very words can stop you in your tracks. If you or someone you love has been diagnosed, you’re probably trying to make sense of the whirlwind of tests, appointments, and treatment options. One question often looms large: “Will I need surgery? And if yes, what’s it like?” This article will guide you through the essentials—what types of surgeries exist, who qualifies, what to expect before, during, and after, and how life might look on the other side.
Let’s break it down together.
When Is Surgery an Option for Lung Cancer?
Surgery isn’t for everyone—but when it’s on the table, it often offers the best shot at a cure, especially if the cancer is caught early.
Generally, surgery is an option if:
- You have non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in its early stages (usually Stage I or II).
- The tumour is confined to the lungs and hasn’t spread to distant organs.
- Your lung function and overall health can tolerate surgery.
Small cell lung cancer (SCLC), on the other hand, is usually not treated with surgery due to its aggressive nature and early spread.
Doctors will use scans (like CT, PET, and MRI), biopsies, and sometimes exploratory procedures to decide if you’re a good candidate. It’s a puzzle—and surgery is just one piece.
Types of Lung Cancer Surgeries
So, what does lung cancer surgery actually involve? It’s not a one-size-fits-all approach. Depending on the size, location, and spread of the tumour, your surgeon may recommend one of the following:
- Lobectomy: This is the most common surgery—removal of one lobe of the lung.
- Pneumonectomy: The entire lung is removed. Sounds drastic? It can be—but in some cases, it’s the best way to remove all cancer cells.
- Segmentectomy or Wedge Resection: Just a portion of the lung is removed. These are typically used if your lung function is too weak for a lobectomy.
- Sleeve Resection: Removes part of a bronchus (airway) and reattaches the ends—preserving more lung tissue when possible.
Minimally invasive techniques like video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) or robotic-assisted surgery are becoming more common, offering smaller incisions, less pain, and faster recovery.
How Do Doctors Decide Which Surgery Is Best?
Good question. It’s not just about the tumour. Your overall health plays a big role.
Doctors will look at:
- Tumour characteristics: size, location, how close it is to blood vessels or airways.
- Stage of cancer: Is it localised or has it spread?
- Lung and heart function: Can your body handle the stress of surgery?
- Other conditions: Like diabetes, heart disease, or obesity.
Sometimes a multidisciplinary team—surgeons, oncologists, radiologists, and pulmonologists—will meet to discuss your case. It’s teamwork with one goal: giving you the best chance.
What Happens Before Lung Cancer Surgery?
The period before surgery is all about preparation. Think of it as getting ready for a marathon, not a sprint.
Here’s what might happen:
- Tests and imaging to assess tumour spread and lung function.
- Pulmonary rehab or breathing exercises to boost your lungs.
- Pre-op instructions: You may be asked to stop smoking (if you haven’t already), avoid certain medications, or change your diet.
- Discussion with the anaesthesiologist: They’ll explain how you’ll be kept comfortable during the procedure.
It’s also the time to ask questions. Don’t be shy. Write them down. This is your body and your journey.
What to Expect During Surgery
You’ll be under general anaesthesia the entire time—so you won’t feel a thing.
Depending on the type of surgery:
- A traditional thoracotomy involves a larger incision between the ribs.
- VATS or robotic surgery uses small cuts and cameras—less invasive, often quicker to heal.
Surgery can last 2 to 6 hours, depending on complexity. A chest tube may be placed temporarily to help drain fluid and air post-op.
And while the word “surgery” may sound terrifying, remember—it’s a controlled, planned procedure done by people who do this every day.
Recovery After Lung Cancer Surgery
What’s recovery really like?
- Hospital stay: You might stay 3 to 7 days, sometimes longer.
- Pain: Yes, there will be discomfort, especially with thoracotomy. But pain control is a priority.
- Breathing exercises: A big focus. A respiratory therapist may help you relearn how to breathe deeply.
- Fatigue: It’s common. Give yourself grace.
Most people need a few weeks to a few months to feel like themselves again. And yes—walking, stretching, and light activities help speed healing.
Risks and Possible Complications
Let’s be real—no surgery is risk-free.
Some possible issues include:
- Infections (lungs or surgical site)
- Bleeding or air leaks
- Pneumonia
- Blood clots
- Long-term breathing difficulty
But here’s the silver lining: many complications are preventable or treatable if caught early. So don’t tough it out—report symptoms like fever, chest pain, or trouble breathing right away.
Will You Need More Treatment After Surgery?
Sometimes surgery is just the first step.
Your doctor might recommend:
- Chemotherapy: To kill off any leftover cancer cells.
- Radiation therapy: Especially if the tumour was close to the edges.
- Targeted or immunotherapy: Based on genetic testing of your tumour.
This is called adjuvant therapy, and it’s meant to reduce the risk of recurrence. Your oncologist will explain the what and why.
How Successful Is Lung Cancer Surgery?
Success depends on many things:
- Cancer stage at diagnosis
- Your health before surgery
- Complete tumour removal
According to the American Cancer Society, five-year survival rates for early-stage NSCLC can range from 60% to over 90% after successful surgery.
So while no one can promise a cure, surgery offers real hope—especially when the cancer is caught early.
Living with One Lung or Less: What Changes?
Wondering if you can live a normal life with part of your lung gone?
Yes, you absolutely can.
Many people return to work, travel, and enjoy their usual activities—though it may take time. You might notice:
- Shortness of breath with exertion
- Needing more rest during the day
- Changes in stamina
But your body adapts. And with support, rehab, and time, many people lead fulfilling lives post-surgery.
Emotional and Mental Health Support
Lung cancer isn’t just a physical diagnosis. It affects your mind, mood, and soul.
Feeling anxious? Depressed? Angry? That’s all valid. Don’t brush it off.
- Talk to a therapist who understands cancer journeys.
- Join a support group, online or in-person.
- Lean on family or friends, even when you don’t feel like talking.
You’re not alone—and you don’t have to carry it all by yourself.
Questions to Ask Your Surgeon Before the Operation
Don’t leave your consultation without clarity. Here are some key questions:
- What type of surgery do you recommend and why?
- How experienced are you with this procedure?
- What risks should I know about?
- What’s the recovery process like?
- Will I need chemo or radiation afterward?
Bring someone with you. Write the answers down. These conversations matter.
References
- Lung Cancer Surgery, American Cancer Society, 2022. https://www.cancer.org/cancer/lung-cancer/treating/surgery.html
- Types of Lung Surgery, Cleveland Clinic, 2023. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21494-lung-surgery
- Lung Cancer Treatment (PDQ)–Patient Version, National Cancer Institute, 2023. https://www.cancer.gov/types/lung/patient/non-small-cell-lung-treatment-pdq
- Recovery After Lung Surgery, British Lung Foundation, 2022. https://www.blf.org.uk/support-for-you/recovery/lung-surgery
- Adjuvant Therapy in Lung Cancer, Journal of Thoracic Disease, 2021. https://jtd.amegroups.org/article/view/51928/html